The fixed average may only be used for numeric data.
By varying, even slightly, even one of the data, they vary continuously and without jumps. Let us then examine the fixed mean, those averages that take into account all data, regardless of their order. We will look at the following mean: mode, median, arithmetic mean, quadratic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. The mean height allows us to say that the Swedes are, on average, taller than Italians, but does not reveal that many Italians are taller than many Swedes.
Thus, the average income of Italian families is a unique value, useful for making comparisons with other countries or past periods, but does not show that incomes are very different and many families are below the survival threshold, while others have assets in large quantities. In all cases, the mean is a number that summarizes many, and allows a unified vision, obviously hiding the multiplicity of data from which it derives. Basically, an average is a value suitably chosen between the minimum and the maximum of the data. It is possible to obtain various averages from a sequence of data which have different names ( 4). Qualitative information can be quantified using the following indices: In inferential statistics or inductive, also they use techniques of probability calculations. Inferential, its goal is to provide methods that are used to learn from experience, that is to build models to go from particular cases to the general case. The statistics can be divided into two areas of application:ĭescriptive, its goal is to obtain a set of data in tables and graphs (too numerous to be individually examined) some significant information for the problem studied The continuous characters, such as weights, heights and, more generally, the quantities that can be measured, can assume any real value in a given interval (although usually it takes finite decimal numbers). The discrete characters, such as the number of pupils in a class, or of goals scored in a football match, can only take on certain values, usually integers. The quantitative traits can be expressed numerically and are divided into discrete and continuous. On the other hand, there are quantitative variables, which can be measured on a discrete scale. A qualitative variable is not measured, but classified into categories based on the manner in which it is presented (smooth or wrinkled peas, green or yellow). The statistical variables can be qualitative, if they express an individual quality (i.e., color and shape of leaves and fruit). Characters can be qualitative or quantitative. The font is defined as the properties that are being surveyed. The population is defined as the whole of the statistical units under study Statistical units defined as the minimum unit of which the data are collected The first step of statistical work is the collection of data, which, if well organized, save effort in subsequent operations and allows the correct setting of the analysis. The purpose of the study was to provide the necessary statistical information in order to facilitate access to the vast potential of Microsoft Excel correctly.
Uses of microsoft excel in healthcare software#
The software that use spreadsheets are fundamental in different scientific fields but require an understanding of basic mathematical concepts that regulate the operation. This makes it particularly easy to insert and/or modify data previously collected within certain sectors such as occurs in research studies.
Uses of microsoft excel in healthcare update#
The spreadsheet arises from the need to modify, through a specific “software”, a certain amount of data with the ability to automatically update the results deriving from the analysis of these without reprogramming entire columns of calculation. The mathematical concepts presented in this discussion represent the basis of the statistical models used in platforms of spreadsheets. The first step of statistical work is the collection of data, which, if well organized, saves effort in subsequent operations and allows the correct setting for the analysis.
The term “Statistics” was introduced in the seventeenth century with the meaning of “science of the state” ( 1), which aims to gather and sort information to the public administration regarding: size and composition of the population, migration, demographic changes, birth and mortality tables, data on businesses, crops, the distribution of wealth, education and health. In this sense, statistical analysis plays a central role. The value of a scientific study is recognized by the community only if it is supported by numerical evidence that warrants the validity.